Agile Methodologies In Mobile Software Development Information Technology Essay Essays

Agile Methodologies In Mobile Software Development Information Technology Essay Essays Agile Methodologies In Mobile Software Development Information Technology Essay Essay Agile Methodologies In Mobile Software Development Information Technology Essay Essay Traditional package development design methodological analysiss included the Systems Development Life Cycle ( SDLC ) ( Fowler, 2005 ) . This was besides known as the Waterfall and there were many different versions. Fowler ( 2005 ) explains that it contained several phases from the start to complete of a undertaking including initial thought choice, induction and planning, analysis, design and execution. H explains that several pieces of certification frequently had to be produced for each phase and each phase was treated as a milepost that needed to be signed off before the undertaking was allowed to go on. This type of attack was all right when it was foremost introduced but since the early 1990 s engineering has advanced at a rapid rate and disbursement so much clip on each phase would do the undertaking about disused by the clip it was delivered ( Holler, 2006 ) . There are still a batch of undertakings that this attack would be suited to. They would be un dertakings that require a high sum of proof such as governmental or regulative systems where each phase needs to be to the full documented and signed off but this type of attack would be improbable to accommodate nomadic package development where platforms and demands quickly evolve ( Holler, 2006 ) . Such a undertaking would be more suitable to an Agile attack which would let the client more engagement in the design of the undertaking and let the undertaking to accommodate to any alterations that may be required between the initial design stage and the execution ( Holler, 2006 ) . This paper looks at package procedures for nomadic applications development. The nomadic market is really competitory at the minute due to immense technological progresss in recent old ages. It is now possible and more low-cost to hold a high powered nomadic device with an ever on internet connexion and entree to an application shop to download applications on the spell. This makes it a really moneymaking country for package developers and there are a figure of different runing systems and application shops they can develop for and showcase their work on. Due to such rapid progresss at that place has non been a batch of formal research into the best patterns for nomadic application development. This paper will look at the assorted Agile methodological analysiss and how they perform in relation to mobile application development. Traditionally systems took longer to present due to the deficiency of technological progresss and the cost of engineering ( Fowler, 2005 ) . Fowler ( 2005 ) suggests that developing package was by and large a helter-skelter activity without much of an implicit in program. The design was frequently formulated from a series of short term determinations made by the development squad ( Fowler, 2005 ) . This can work good for smaller undertakings but as the system grows it becomes progressively hard to keep or add characteristics ( Holler, 2006 ) . Such systems frequently contained a batch of bugs that needed to be removed before concluding execution, taking to a long trial stage ( Fowler, 2005 ) . This caused major issues with the undertaking bringing agenda because the clip taken to execute extended testing and debugging can non be estimated accurately ( Fowler, 2005 ) . Due to this there was a motion to present a more standardised attack to package development ( Fowler, 2005 ) . These procedures were called methodological analysiss and they imposed a disciplined procedure upon package development with the purpose of doing the package development procedure more predictable and efficient ( Fowler, 2005 ) . This was done by developing a elaborate procedure with heavy accent on planning. These methodological analysiss are known as plan-driven methodological analysiss and the Software Development Life Cycle falls into this class ( Fowler, 2005 ) . This methodological analysis allowed project squads to specify the demands at the beginning of the undertaking with a grade of certainty that the system would run into its ends even after an extended design and development stage ( Fowler, 2005 ) . There would be several paperss produced after each stage and a codification freezing was frequently implemented until the old stage had been signed off by all major stakeholders ( Fowler, 2005 ) . This attack may hold been sufficient 30 old ages ago but since the early 1990 s engin eering has progressed at a rapid rate ( Fowler, 2005 ) . It is no longer possible to specify exact demands at design stage as by the clip the system is delivered the market may hold changed and the original demands may now be disused ( Abrahamsson et. al. , 2003 ) . This has created the demand for undertaking directors to present systems faster and for the undertaking plans to accommodate to alter along the manner where necessary ( Ihme A ; Abrahamsson, 2005 ) . Fowler ( 2005 ) states that several methodological analysiss including Rapid Application Development ( RAD ) and Object Oriented Analysis Design ( OOAD ) have attempted to turn to this issue nevertheless this paper will concentrate on Agile methodological analysiss and how they lend themselves to mobile package development undertakings. Agile is a term used to depict several extremely iterative package methodological analysiss which include Extreme Programming ( XP ) and Scrum ( Holler, 2006 ) . Each methodological analysis may follow different patterns and rules but they have the same nucleus values in that they focus on heavy client engagement, on a regular basis let go ofing production quality package and being adaptable ( Ihme A ; Abrahamsson, 2005 ) . Fowler ( 2005 ) explains that they try to be adaptative to the market instead than prognostic and seek to happen a balance between no procedure and excessively much procedure ( which means less of an accent on certification and bureaucratism ) . He besides explains that they are person-oriented instead than process-oriented ( the procedure should suit around the squad instead than the squad suiting around the procedure ) . This is immensely different to traditional methodological analysiss where the client was merely involved at the initial demands phase and where each phase was completed before traveling onto the following phase, non taking the precedence of the characteristic into history. These methodological analysiss have grown in popularity o ver recent old ages as quickly altering engineering has put project squads under increasing force per unit area to bring forth package faster ( Holler, 2006 ) . 2.1 Agile Methodologies 2.1.1 Extreme Programming ( XP ) XP is one of the most popular agile methodological analysiss and the thought was foremost introduced by Kent Beck and Ward Cunningham in the late 1980 s ( Fowler, 2005 ) . They wanted an attack that was adaptative instead than prognostic and people-oriented instead than process-oriented ( Fowler, 2005 ) . Harmonizing to Fowler ( 2005 ) this attack was refined throughout the 1990 s and the construct was foremost referred to as Extreme Programming during the Chrysler C3 undertaking ( Kent Beck, Ward Cunningham and Martin Fowler wholly consulted on this undertaking ) in 1997. XP spread throughout the late 1990 s with several books and documents being published on the topic. Kent Beck s White Book is mostly credited as the inspiration ( Fowler, 2005 ) . The methodological analysis is based on five cardinal values. These values are communicating, feedback, simpleness, bravery and regard. These five values are so divided into 14 more rules and once more divided into a farther 24 patterns. This breaks the five key values ( which are abstract ) into concrete patterns that a squad can adhere to on a day-to-day footing ( Fowler, 2005 ) . Knowledge and apprehension of these patterns is the key to successfully implementing XP within an administration ( Holler, 2006 ) . There is a strong accent on proving which is why XP is frequently referred to as Test Driven Development ( TDD ) ( Fowler, 2005 ) . Every developer must compose trial instances to prove their production codification and this is done during the development stage. These trials are so integrated into a uninterrupted physique procedure which produces a extremely tested and stable platform ( Fowler, 2006 ) . The client is extremely involved and the client or a representative of the client is frequently on site to supply feedback ( Abrahamsson et al. , 2004 ) . The system is released in loops which include working functionality to a production criterion ( Abrahamsson et. , al 2004 ) . The undertaking director must specify the demands and the precedence of each piece of functionality with the client ( Fowler, 2005 ) . The functionality with the highest precedence is so passed onto the development squad and this is developed foremost ( Fowler, 2005 ) . This ensures that the system meets its nucleus demands, dropping lesser characteristics and functionality should the undertaking go over agenda or over budget. The loops besides act as paradigms for the client to prove and supply feedback to the development squad so they can include alterations in the following loop if required. Fowler ( 2005 ) suggests that XP s strong influence on package development is down to uniting the rules of agile development with a solid set of regulations and techniques that allow them to be carried out and that until XP came along Agile was abstract and did nt hold a set of regulations that could be used to implement the Agile doctrine. XP provided the tools by which the hopes of legerity could be achieved. 2.1.2 SCRUM SCRUM was besides developed in the early 1990 s. Ken Schwaber, Jeff Sutherland and Mike Beedle were all early adoptive parents and released documents based on their acceptance of SCRUM ( Fowler, 2005 ) . The methodological analysis is implemented in stages and loops across a cross functional squad ( Fowler, 2005 ) . It is a procedure that contains a set of patterns and pre-defined functions ( Sutherland, 2004 ) . The functions include the SCRUM Master who ensures the procedure runs efficaciously, the Product Owner who represents the major stakeholders and the Team who are responsible for the analysis, design and development of the undertaking ( Sutherland, 2004 ) . The undertaking is delivered in increases which are referred to as dashs and normally range between 2 hebdomads and 4 hebdomads in length ( Sutherland, 2004 ) . The SCRUM Master and Product Owner decide during a SCRUM meeting which demands from the Product Backlog ( a set of pre-defined prioritised demands ) should be incl uded in the following dash and by the terminal of the dash the developer must bring forth these demands to production criterion ( Fowler, 2005 ) . If a demand is non developed to a sufficient criterion in clip it is returned to the Product Backlog and may be considered for execution once more during the following dash ( Fowler, 2005 ) . The developer can discourse the advancement of their dash and rede whether or non all demands are on agenda to be delivered with the SCRUM Master during their day-to-day dash meeting ( Sutherland, 2004 ) . SCRUM promotes the thought of a ego organised squad with a SCRUM Master guaranting the procedure runs efficaciously and suggests that the squad should be co-located to help communicating ( Sutherland, 2004 ) . It besides accepts that client demands will alter throughout the class of the undertaking and that it is impossible to specify all major demands at the beginning of the undertaking. The Team should be able to recognize and accommodate to reac t to emerging demands ( Sutherland, 2004 ) . The Scrum attack to project direction is frequently used in concurrence with XP s technology patterns ( Fowler, 2005 ) . 2.2 Benefits of Agile Fowler ( 2005 ) suggests that Agile doctrines are adaptative instead than prognostic. In fast moving environments it is impossible to foretell the major demands at the beginning of the undertaking ( Fowler, 2005 ) . Technology continues to better at a rapid rate so it is of import to be able to recognize technological progresss and adapt consequently throughout the class of the undertaking. Many undertakings fail because the demands outlined at the beginning of the undertaking become disused while the undertaking is being developed taking to a system that no longer serves a intent ( Fowler, 2005 ) . This is why Agile does nt necessitate as much certification as traditional methodological analysiss. The demands and paperss are produced throughout the class of the undertaking through changeless interaction and feedback from the client ( Fowler, 2005 ) . It is extremely iterative and the most of import functionality is prioritised. This ensures that if a piece of functionality does nt r un into the demands of the client or if the demands change merely one deliverable needs to be amended ( Fowler, 2005 ) . This is better than gaining this at the terminal of development rhythm and holding to restart the undertaking. The deficiency of bureaucratism besides increases the velocity at which the undertaking can be delivered ( Holler, 2006 ) . Developers spend more clip working on production degree codification than composing certification ( Holler, 2006 ) . The methodological analysis is person-oriented instead than process-oriented which means the accomplishment of the squad is respected and the procedure fits around the squad instead than the squad suiting around the methodological analysis ( Fowler, 2005 ) . Based on these advantages the Agile doctrine looks as though it will impart itself good to mobile development. 2.3 Disadvantages of Agile Agile has many advantages and suits a batch of modern development undertakings but there are disadvantages excessively ( Holler, 2006 ) . Certain systems will necessitate a big sum of certification to be produced. This is frequently the instance on big undertakings for big administrations or when developing a system for a governmental or regulative authorization ( Holler, 2006 ) . Each phase of a undertaking frequently has to be signed off by the major stakeholders and if some stakeholders are nt involved straight with the development squad they may necessitate big sums of certification to be produced for each stage of the undertaking and the undertaking is frequently non allowed to come on until the old stage has been to the full accepted and signed off by all major stakeholders ( Fowler, 2005 ) . This increases the sum of clip it takes to finish a undertaking and such undertakings are non likely to be nimble or be able to accommodate to altering demands from the clip the original d emands were defined to the clip the system has been implemented ( Holler, 2006 ) . An nimble methodological analysis would non accommodate such a system ( Holler, 2006 ) . These outlined disadvantages should nt hold a major impact on the development of nomadic package applications which will be discussed in more item below. 3 Mobile Software Development Up until late nomadic devices have been comparatively closed environments ( Abrahamsson et al. , 2004 ) . It was really hard to develop individualized applications for them and handset makers did really small to promote developers ( Abrahamsson et al. , 2004 ) . Handset makers developed their ain basic applications to let their clients to utilize the basic characteristics of the French telephone. In the last three old ages nomadic phones have gone through a major development. They are now at the phase where they are fundamentally nomadic computing machines and makers have moved towards a more unfastened attack to the extent of promoting independent developers to develop applications for their platform ( Hall A ; Anderson, 2009 ) . The earliest illustration of this was the Symbian operating system which was used by several French telephone makers and is presently owned by Nokia ( Hall A ; Anderson, 2009 ) . Developers can develop for Symbian utilizing Java ME, CLDC 1.1, MIDP 2.0 and MIDP 2.1 ( Gronli et al. , 2010 ) . This led to many nomadic applications looking in the public sphere but there was no option for developers to upload their applications to a Symbian market topographic point to let other users of the platform to buy them. Apple launched the iPhone in January 2007 which came pre-installed with the iPhone OS ( Hall A ; Anderson, 2009 ) . They released an SDK and an application market topographic point where developers could upload their applications and other users of the iPhone could buy them ( Hall A ; Anderson, 2009 ) . This greatly increased the demand for nomadic applications and made it easier and more rewarding for developers to showcase their work. Google and the Open Handset Alliance released Android in 2008 with the purpose of supplying unfastened beginning Mobile package which ( unlike iPhone OS ) can be used across different French telephone makers ( Hall A ; Anderson, 2009. They besides released an SDK and an application market topog raphic point to let developers to publicize their applications ( Hall A ; Anderson, 2009. Microsoft has been fighting to vie with Nokia, Apple and Google in this country with Windows Mobile 6.5 but have been phasing this out over the last twelvemonth ( Gronli et al. , 2010 ) . In October 2010 they announced the launch of a new platform called Windows Phone 7 which they expect to vie strongly in this country. They have besides released an SDK and market topographic point to do the development procedure easier for developers ( James, 2010 ) . Hardware for nomadic devices has besides improved greatly over the last three old ages ( Gronli et al. , 2010 ) . Mobile developers are traditionally faced with many barriers such as little sums of memory available on the device, little screen size, decelerate treating power and a deficiency of input devices ( Holler, 2006 ) . Recently phone makers such as HTC, Samsung and Apple have produced phones with more powerful processors which are able t o director more powerful applications, more antiphonal touch screens and capacity to accept memory cards up to 32 GB which allows users to utilize the device as a nomadic music or picture ( Gronli et al. , 2010 ) . These recent developments have increased the demand and wages for nomadic application developers. Nokia, Apple, Microsoft and Google represent four of the largest engineering companies in the universe and they have identified the nomadic industry and nomadic application development as markets that they want to be involved in. They continue to put in engineering and selling to better growing in this country ( Hall A ; Anderson, 2009 ) . These companies have made great advancement in the consumer market and are now get downing to look at the concern market ( Ihme A ; Abrahamsson, 2005 ) . Microsoft have advertised Microsoft Office integrating on Windows Phone 7 ( James, 2010 ) . Businesss are get downing to look for better ways to pull off their work load from their nomad ic devices while they are out of the office. This creates a possible new country of package development and as of yet there has been no major research into what type of development procedure should be used when developing such applications. The platforms mentioned above and whether or non an Agile development attack suits nomadic application development is discussed is discussed in more item below. 3.1 Development Platforms Symbian applications can be developed utilizing the Java ME platform ( Gronli et al. , 2010 ) . This is a set of different profiles. Some of the most common Java ME profiles are CLDC1.1, MIDP 2.0 and MIDP 2.1 ( Gronli et al. , 2010 ) . These were designed to work on lower terminal devices with limited memory capacity and treating power ( Gronli et al. , 2010 ) . They besides work across a assortment of different platforms and devices including set-top boxes and PDA s ( Gronli et al. , 2010 ) . Gronli et Al. ( 2010 ) suggest that this attack has proved to be really popular in the past but with recent betterments in nomadic hardware many makers have looked for better package solutions. iPhone applications are developed utilizing Objective C. An SDK is provided but will merely run on an Apple computing machine and the developer needs to register as an Apple Developer Connection Subscriber in order to download it ( Hall A ; Anderson, 2009 ) . Apple besides requires that all applications are submitted to them for blessing before they are made available on their market topographic point ( Hall A ; Anderson, 2009 ) . Android applications use the Java scheduling linguistic communication with a particular Google library ( Gronli et al. , 2010 ) . Google besides supply an Android development plugin for Eclipse every bit good as a freely available SDK that can be downloaded and installed on many different runing systems ( Hall A ; Anderson, 2009 ) . Windows Mobile allows users to develop applications utilizing the.NET compact model. This included linguistic communications such as Visual C # , Ocular Basic.NET and Visual C++ ( Gronli et al. , 2010 ) . These linguistic communications allowed the developer to to the full use the devices hardware ( Gronli et al. , 2010 ) . Gronli et Al. ( 2010 ) suggest that this worked in a similar manner to how the Common Language Runtime ( CLR ) works for desktop development. Microsoft have announced that developing for Windows Phone 7 will be a batch different to any of their old nomadic releases. They have released an SDK and confirmed that development for this platform will be to a great extent based around C # ( XNA ) and Microsoft Silverlight ( James, 2010 ) . There are many development platforms to see when developing nomadic applications and there are advantages and disadvantages to all of them. Some are more unfastened and some are more restricted than others. Some hold a higher market portion while some are advanced with plentifulness of possible for growing. 3.2 Using Agile to Mobile Software Development The demands associated with the rapid bringing of nomadic applications and the of all time altering environment makes many traditional package development methodological analysiss un- acceptable picks when developing for Mobile platforms ( Holler, 2006 ) . Mobile developers need to pass the bulk of their clip authorship and proving working package so it would nt be practical for them to pass a big sum of their clip composing certification ( Fowler, 2005 ) . The rules of agile development align good with the demands for nomadic package development undertakings ( Fowler, 2005 ) . Simplicity, low concern operating expense, adaptability, rapid bringing and client feedback are the chief properties of an nimble doctrine ( Abrahamsson et al. , 2004 ) . The XP and SCRUM methodological analysiss offer the development patterns, technology rules and the model to bring forth an agile undertaking ( Fowler, 2005 ) . Agile favours lightweight undertakings with uninterrupted be aftering as opposed t o elaborate undertakings with long term planning ( Holler, 2006 ) . The bringing of package in dashs every two to four hebdomads ensures that production codification is produced for the client on a regular footing. This allows the client to utilize the loops as paradigms and they are so able to give the development squad critical feedback ( Fowler, 2005 ) . If an loop or dash fails to run into the demands so it s merely a instance of the development squad looking at that loop once more and re-working it instead than holding to re-work the full undertaking which is what frequently happened utilizing less client focussed methodological analysiss ( Fowler, 2005 ) . Abrahamsson et Al. ( 2004 ) expression at a specific Mobile development undertaking and what design doctrine should be used. Due to the above traits associated with nomadic development they decided to follow an Agile attack but due to a deficiency of extended research in this country they were diffident how to continue. They decided to utilize their ain version of Agile called Mobile-D which adopted the Agile traits they felt they needed to let the undertaking to run into its ends. It was based on XP and optimized for a squad of less than 10 developers working in a co-located office. Their end was to bring forth a to the full functional nomadic application in a short period of clip. This attack was tested across four instance surveies and in all instances systems were delivered successfully within 8 10 hebdomads with squads of changing ability accommodating to new nomadic phone extensions of database systems ( Abrahamsson et al. , 2004 ) . This shows that Agile methods can be successful when seeking to present little systems in a short sum of clip when bureaucratism and certification are less of import than acquiring a working system delivered on clip and accommodating to alterations to demands and criterions along the manner ( Abrahamsson et al. , 2004 ) . 4 Decision Agile methodological analysiss tend to accommodate fast paced environments where accommodating to alter and velocity of development is more of import than documenting the procedure. Documents are still produced but affecting the client throughout the undertaking helps cut down the sum of certification needed for the undertaking to run into its demands. Iterations of production quality codification are made available at regular intervals leting the client to utilize the loops as paradigms and supply feedback which can be added into the system for the following loop if necessary. This doctrine suits nomadic undertakings in peculiar due to the rapid development of nomadic technological inventions. More and more people want to be able to entree the cyberspace, their paperss and their applications on the spell. Mobile hardware and package has improved dramatically in the last three old ages and continues to better. Platforms have become easier to develop for. This is in big portion to maj or companies such as Nokia, Apple, Microsoft and Google establishing nomadic runing systems and promoting developers to develop for their platform by supplying SDK s and market topographic points for developers to showcase their creative activities. These factors mean that Agile or a fluctuation of Agile would be a good doctrine to follow when working with a little development squad developing package for a fast paced, of all time altering environment such as nomadic application development.

Free Essays on Journey

For most of my life I have been horribly afraid of the dark. I have, for as long as I can recall, slept with a night light burning brightly in the socket next to my bed. I'm not comfortable sharing my total reason with many people, only my boyfriend and two people I have considered best friends really know. One main reason I am afraid of the dark is because without my glasses or contacts on, my vision in the dark is almost none. Even with them in the dark I haven't got the ability to see things in any kind of focus. Another reason may be that I have a severely overactive imagination (which is okay until the sun goes down). My boyfriend and some of my closest friends love the dark. They love the warm fuzzy feeling you get when you have your eyes open in a totally dark room, seeing nothing with open eyes. This has always driven me nuts, I hate not seeing with my eyes open. They began to pester me, tell me I could get rid of this fear, that in the future it would be good to not freak out if the power goes out. I brushed them aside, saying that I could be afraid of the dark if I wanted, humoring my paranoia harmed no one. But after a while of them whining about me with my flashlight, I decided that I could break this "irrational fear of the absence of light". I started simply, shutting off the light while I was in a group of people. Then I began to shut off the light for short periods of time in my room at night. Then I took a huge step I shut off my night light and tried to go to sleep. Lying in bed I listened to sounds, opening my eyes when one startled me. I did this several times, closing my eyes again quickly against that horrible fuzzy feeling. Then I began to pick up my glasses to check the time every two minutes. I pulled the covers over my head when I heard the goblins crawl out from under my bed. Then pinned the blankets under my pillow when I heard the vampire in my closet sneak out. When I heard the spidergnomes come... Free Essays on Journey Free Essays on Journey For most of my life I have been horribly afraid of the dark. I have, for as long as I can recall, slept with a night light burning brightly in the socket next to my bed. I'm not comfortable sharing my total reason with many people, only my boyfriend and two people I have considered best friends really know. One main reason I am afraid of the dark is because without my glasses or contacts on, my vision in the dark is almost none. Even with them in the dark I haven't got the ability to see things in any kind of focus. Another reason may be that I have a severely overactive imagination (which is okay until the sun goes down). My boyfriend and some of my closest friends love the dark. They love the warm fuzzy feeling you get when you have your eyes open in a totally dark room, seeing nothing with open eyes. This has always driven me nuts, I hate not seeing with my eyes open. They began to pester me, tell me I could get rid of this fear, that in the future it would be good to not freak out if the power goes out. I brushed them aside, saying that I could be afraid of the dark if I wanted, humoring my paranoia harmed no one. But after a while of them whining about me with my flashlight, I decided that I could break this "irrational fear of the absence of light". I started simply, shutting off the light while I was in a group of people. Then I began to shut off the light for short periods of time in my room at night. Then I took a huge step I shut off my night light and tried to go to sleep. Lying in bed I listened to sounds, opening my eyes when one startled me. I did this several times, closing my eyes again quickly against that horrible fuzzy feeling. Then I began to pick up my glasses to check the time every two minutes. I pulled the covers over my head when I heard the goblins crawl out from under my bed. Then pinned the blankets under my pillow when I heard the vampire in my closet sneak out. When I heard the spidergnomes come... Free Essays on Journey Journey’s come in many different forms, some being lengthy in duration while others may be just hours long. On occasion, one’s path to self-knowledge may be found in doing the same things as one used to do in a whole new environment and finding that the ways of the past are inadequate for the ways of the present. This concept is shown in the untitled narrative by Sara Chase, where the discovery is that her study habits from high school no longer correlate with what she will need to do to be successful in college. Failure is a common fear for almost everyone. It is something that we try to avoid as much as possible. In the narrative, the author panics when thoughts of failure flood into her head. The author states â€Å"†¦the confidence that I acquired early slipping away and fear filling its place.† â€Å"All this over one little question?† we ask ourselves. This made me wonder: Is what we strive for as the vision of self-knowledge actually perfection or is self-knowledge realized when we finally accept the fact that perfection is unattainable? The crucial element, in my opinion, was not a paragraph or a single sentence; it was one word that was repeated numerous times throughout the narrative: confidence. Is confidence what leads us to self-knowledge- the confidence to continue on, to try new ways when old ways fail? Is confidence a pre-indicator of a successful journey or can you claim self-knowledge without possessing confidence? The past serves as a useful reference for the present and the future. In this case, the past could not compete at the same level as the present. But this fact was only realized after failure, disappointment, and self-pity, as the author states. The past, in someway, develops who you are and what experiences and life lessons we take from the past and use in the present create a future that brings us closer to self-knowledge. This narrative is like Sir Gawain and the Green Knight i...

Reasons Women Choose Abusive Partners Thesis Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 4250 words

Reasons Women Choose Abusive Partners - Thesis Example The violence that is mostly gender based denies the rights that can be enjoyed by women. This violates a woman's personality in such a way that she is unable to function properly thus becoming mentally paralyzed and eventually they end up being abused by men. 2. Women of all standards and backgrounds are vulnerable to violence whereas there are some who are more likely to be the victims of violence. This includes young and immature women, disable or financially weak women. Women who are of ethnic and racial minorities also face problems related to violence. 3. The law and government also play a significant role in the violation of women. Enough rights are not granted to women due to the racial and sex discrimination. They are often arrested for invalid reasons whereas the same attitude is not maintained with the aboriginal people. This is the biggest example of racial discrimination. These women are more likely forced to lead their lives with abusive partners.1 4. The victims have to face the trauma of the entire violence themselves and also the sexism that is associated with the process of holding their victims accountable. Ultimately they give up on their lives and end up on streets waiting for the cabs or buses that would leave them on the mercy of violent people. They choose abusive partners and houses with inadequate security since they are left with no other choice than this. They grudgingly depend on the people who trade them for sex and are most importantly their bosses. 5. Those women who are subordinate, socially or economically an immigrants and refugees also face these problems. Refugees are mostly confined to domestic or hectic work for which they are paid very less. They are not aware of their legal rights and are often threatened that their rights would be confiscated and they would be deported in case they report violence. Women are often sexually harassed and do not have any kind of support whatsoever. Due to this they end up on streets and are ultimately paired with abusive partners so as to finance themselves economically. 6. Women who are victims of sexism are bound to face the violence problems and are subjected to drugs and abusive company which leads them even further into the darkness an devils of this process.2 B. Purpose of the study The purpose of this study is to have a look into the victims' life, carefully study and analyze and then seek for the appropriate solution. This entire process is adopted so as to free the women from their miseries and horrible past so that they can acquire their legal rights and lead a respectable life. Women abuse and violation has been a part of our society since ages. Women have been victims of violence, hatred, abuse etc. and its increasing day by day. A lot of women have turned up and expressed their views about their past while some still tend to remain quiet about it. Be it due to their partner's fear or due to the society. Women are being forced to choose abusive partners and this has been a persistent problem and there is a dire need that this problem be identified at the roots, analyzed and solved. C. Guiding questions There are a number of questions relevant to women violence which dominate our society. It is very important to look deeply into the problem and carefully

Exegesis Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Exegesis - Research Paper Example The use of plain sense to interpret the scripture involves determining if the scripture makes the ordinary common sense and thus we use this in the interpretation. According to the scripture this narrative is meant to develop the idea that Jesus’s entire life was sinless and blameless. Luke 4 repeats most of the themes that are found in the bible. This is exemplified in this passage by the use of keywords that are common in the bible. The Holy Spirit, God, Devil, Son of God and the name Lord, your God, are keywords that are found in many verses of the bible. The common biblical theme of temptation and trial dominate this verse as it has in many others (Beale and Carson, 2007). James 1:13-18 talks about how our bodily desires lead us into temptation. This passage discusses the means one can use to overcome temptation, which is also the theme of first Corinthians 10:13. The structure of the passage enhances the plain sense of the passage significantly because the context makes perfect common sense. The passage starts with Jesus returning from the Jordan full of the Holy Spirit, which in turn guides him to the wilderness. The first temptation involved hunger and the devil asked Jesus to turn the stones into bread. Jesus quoted from Deuteronomy to show that the word of God is more important than food (Ford, 1999). The second temptation involved the devil asking Jesus to worship him and become the king of all kingdoms in the world. However, Jesus referred to the scripture again to overcome the temptation. Finally, the Devil asked Jesus to throw himself from the pinnacle of the temple to test if God would protect him. Luke’s structure portrays a process of testing where Jesus overcomes a more challenging temptation than the previous one. Narrative theology generally involves the interpretation of a scripture or passage from the bible through the meaning of the story narrated. From this passage, Luke 4: 3-12, the devil comes out as deceitful

Tourism Sculpture Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Tourism Sculpture - Assignment Example Barossa International sculpture symposium, which took place in 1988, resulted to Barossa Sculpture Park after nine sculptors met and carved sculptures in granite and local marble. The park is situated at Mengler Hill Rd, a short distance from Tanunda by car. The sculptures were created to express the spirit and ambience of Barossa as well as reflect the environment (Mayer, 2013). The challenges facing this sculpture park is lack of playing grounds for children and poor access to public mode of transport. The China Changchun International sculpture symposia have resulted to Changchun world Sculpture Park and five other sculpture parks. The Changchun World Sculpture Park has 451 sculptures made by 400 national sculptors from various regions and countries and is located at the South of Renmin Street, at Urban City. The park is enormous with large bronze and stone sculptures, over 6 meters tall, at the parkland setting. It also has a scene of a huge lake that adds to the park’s serenity. Changchun world Sculpture Park is spread over 90 hectares of land and has the largest sculptures in China. The park has displayed hundreds of African woodcarving, foreign and Chinese fine sculptures. Marble sculpture International symposia resulted to sculpture park in Thassos with the help of Emmy Varouxaki who invited and hosted artists in Thassos and provide them with raw materials to create their works at the marble of Thassos . The sculpture park of Thassos is located at the olive groove of Lampidis family in Kalirahi village.

Micro Cars Ltd of Sri Lanka

Micro Cars Ltd of Sri Lanka 1.0 Introduction Micro Cars Ltd was established in Sri Lanka in 1999 by the guidance of Chairman/CEO of Micro Cars Ltd Dr. Lawrence Perera with the intention of introducing (manufacturing) low cost but high quality vehicles for the county. The intention became reality with the launch of their first car in 2003 which was well recognize and accepted by the society due to lots of hard efforts on Research Development that put-in over many years to make the company dream reality and in the later stages Micro Cars Ltd positioned as National Car Manufacturer where they earned the patent for small city cars too. Further with the aim of growing and expanding the businesses, Micro Cars Ltd came up with different type of attractive vehicles which some are purely manufactured in Sri Lanka and others which are assembled in Sri Lanka with the same intention that they had earlier, which is manufacturing low cost but high quality vehicles for the county. So when looking at the types of the vehicles which Micro introduced Tractors, Trucks, Light Trucks, Buses, MPVs, SUVs and Cars can be considered. Out of those product types the SUV segment was the really attracted segment by the most of the people in Sri Lanka where the Micro Rexton II was a hit product in that SUV segment where it created threat for other average SUVs in the market due to its less price (but high quality) compared with the other SUVs that manufactured by the leading SUV makers in the world like Mitsubishi, Hyundai etc. Further the government of Sri Lanka also gave great support to this company as it is a purely Sri Lankan venture and government in a position to buy more vehicles from Micro Cars Ltd for government needs and it also resulted in increasing the profits of Micro Cars Ltd. As the demand goes up for the Micro Rexton II they increased their production to match with the demand and also with the intention of entering into the Asian markets. For that they expand their workshop areas and recruited more employees and let the employees work on shift basis like one set of people on day and the other set at night. So with the consideration of the previous track record or the milestones of the Micro Cars Ltd, the company it self in a position to consider on expanding their business to Singapore by exporting the Micro Rexton II with the intention of targeting it to the middle-upper class in the Singapore due to many potential factors in relation to the conditions of Singapore and also with the hope of competing with other average SUV in Singapore due to the less price of the Micro Rexton II. Therefore in order to find out the viability of exporting Micro Rexton II to Singapore a marketing audit will be carries out where it helps to get an idea about the different market conditions in the competitive market and its potentials where it give clear view about both positive and negative aspects like whether it will be survive or not. So from there, Micro Cars Ltd can decide whether to expand to Singapore or not. Furthermore it also necessary to conduct Marketing Plan where it support to overcome the negatives that occurred in the marketing audit for the purpose of maximizing profits with the inclusive of some areas like promotional mix, budgets, profit/loss statement and etc. 2.0 The Product Micro Cars Ltd is the only pure Sri Lankan automobile company in Sri Lanka that goes on continues improvement from the day it starts with increasing of its profits while making the public more satisfy by offering certifiable solutions to the traveling needs of majority of middle-upper class Sri Lankans. Along with their success in the Sri Lankan market their next plan is to enter into the Singapore automobile market by offering their most hit product in their history Micro Rexton II. Actually earlier the name Rexton was origin from SsangYong Motors in Korea and later they made strategic alliance with capital investment of Mercedes-Benz AG to support Engine Transmission technologies. When the time goes on Ssang Yong SUV were introduce directly to Sri Lankan from Korea by Ssang Yong Motors as Ssang Yong Rexton which is the older version without any collaboration with a Sri Lankan venture. Anyway the older version was not that much popular and it was failed in Sri Lanka due to some uncontrollable factors such as customer mind set that having on the Korean vehicles. But later Micro Cars Ltd made joint-hands with the Ssang Yong Motors Korea for the introduction of the Rexton II (newly version of Rexton) which was assembled locally in Micro Cars Ltd workshop. In relation to the stage of the product life cycle of the Micro Rexton II, it is in growth stage in Sri Lanka. But when considering on the situation in Singapore the other SUV already in the market are in the maturity stage. So as a result of that this will be a good advantage for Micro Cars Ltd to enter into the Singapore market to change the current stage of PLC. 2.1 Evaluate the product as an innovation as it is perceived by the intended market Basically this is the first time that the Micro Cars Ltd is expanding their businesses out of their boundaries. No matter whether Micro was making huge profits in the local market, but it can get negatively effected in foreign markets as the conditions are not the same as locally which means the competition getting differ from country to country. So it can be risky up-to some extent due to the huge competition that getting to this newly product from major SUV automakers of the world. With regard to the relative advantage of the Micro Rexton II over the other competitors, the SUV users can perceive the same advantages, benefits and features that available in other average SUVs in the Micro Rexton II as well. But all the things are not for high price like other competition brands but at reasonable price which is lower than the competitive SUVs. Also considering on the fuel consumptions with other brands Micro Rexton II is more fuel efficient SUV with Diesel engine. But most of other SUVs are not in much fuel efficient as those are with Petrol engines. (Other competitive SUVs are available in Diesel engines too, but price is even higher than the standard petrol SUV prices.) The unique design will give more prestigious outlook for the vehicle than other brands do. Also its more compatible to the Asians and their beliefs as most of Asians prefer their own country manufactured vehicles or vehicles that manufactures within their region. In relation to the complexity, theres no requirement to have special skills to drive Micro Rexton II as it is the same way of driving other SUVs. Further theres another advantage which is the Micro Rexton II can be purchased with minimum risk as it is recognize and certified SUV in Asia. The observability of this product is high. Because you dont need to educate to feel or experience the benefits of the SUV. One you inside in it, thats all you need and you can feel the difference of smooth driving. 2.2 Major problems and resistances to product acceptance based on the preceding evaluation. Relative advantage Quality and the condition of the Micro Rexton II is in competitive position compared with other competitive SUVs. But the price of it is lower than the other competitive brands. Compatibility Micro Rexton II is really compatible to the Singapore and with Asian atmosphere as the SUV is from the same region. Complexity Actually its the same way that we have to follow to use (drive) the Rexton II and there no any special skills required as it very easy to drive with automatic transmission. Trialability Basically this can be purchases with minimum economic risk in relation to the other brand and also the market value or the used value is at acceptable range. Observability actually you dont have to be educating to feel the features of the Rexton II. Because once you got into it, then you get to feel it automatically. 3.0 The Market 3.1.1 Geographical regions Singapore is one of the best well-developed country in the world as well as in the region with well managed stable economy. It covered by Malaysia from one side and Indonesia from the other side where 50% lands are assumed as urban areas while the remaining part have reserved for plantations and other purposes. The people who live their also experiencing good standard life with majority of acceptable income. 3.1.2 Forms of transportation and communication available in that region Transportation Transportation is one of the main component for each and every country no matter whether it is non-developed, developing or developed country. Because its very important aspect for all countries to move from place to another or to send some stuff from one location to another and it will be mode of easy access to different location where which connects boundaries. Considering the conditions of Singapore in relation to the transportation aspects it is the county that own one of the rich transportation systems in the region. As a result of that, the people from all around the world use Singapore as an easy access place and where they also use Singapore as transit place. The types of transportation that available in Singapore as follows. Road transportation Actually the on-ground transportation or the road transportation is the most common cheapest mode transportation method that available all around the world even in the poor countries as well. But in relation to the situation in Singapore this common method is using in very advance manner where they own some expressways that length 150 Km and other A-class roads. Basically these 3262 Kms are connecting the Singapore from all around. All the busses, cars including taxies and other ground vehicles are got to use this method. Rail Transport Mainly the rail transportation in Singapore can be classified into two segments such as Mass rapid transit (MRT) and Light rail transit (LRT) which totally consist of 138.2 Km. The mass rapid transit (MRT) is currently running as four line transportation system with total length of 118.6 Km with the collection of 70 stations. Further the remaining light rail transit (LRT) is having 14 stations with length of 19.6 Km. Ports and Harbors There are totally 8 ports in Singapore and most of the ports which is 7 ports are handling by the PSA International which earlier names as Port of Singapore Authority. Further Singapore is well knows for worlds busiest port â€Å"Jurong† which handled 1.04 billion tons per year. (Appendix 2) Air Transportation In relation to aviation industry Singapore is assumed as aviation hub by civil aviation authority of Singapore where relatively they names the Singapore â€Å"Changi† airport as the air-hub. Further there are 5 air bases in Singapore and also five airlines are currently operating in Singapore leading by the Singapore Airlines where it connects 70 cities around the world. Especially the â€Å"Changi† airport is consisting with 4 terminals with ability of handling 64 million people each year. Communication As stated before Singapore is a well developed country in most areas and they are very rich in technology wise too. Because most of the technological aspects are born or available in Singapore and all our minds goes to Singapore if we talks about some technological aspect like mobile phone or gaming item. Thats because of the picture that they have buildup in technological perspective over the past years. So due the advancement or richness of the technology they are also armed up with communication aspects too as there are direct linkage between the technology and the communication. Because some times we cannot even have the word communication without the technology. So with regard to the communication methods in Singapore following items can be considered. Telephones Singapore is one of the best telecommunication providers in the world including SingTel and the Singapore Telecom. Currently they are running with1.857 millions fixed lines. Recently their facilitating their services in excellent manner by adding numerous additional options to their services. Payphones (Public phone booths) Basically payphones can be classified into to such a card-operated phones and coin-operated phones. Both local and international call can be taken with the use of card-operated phones but only the local calls can be taken by using the coin operated phones. Mostly these booths are located in busiest public places like railway stations and bus stops. Mobile phones This is the most convenient and common communication method in a country like Singapore due to its technological advancement and richness. Not only in Singapore but also in many countries around the world are use to have it or more comfortable with it because of the regular use of it. Further the mobile phone usage is very rich in Singapore where the mobile phone services such as 3G, mobile internet and etc are handling by SingTel or M1. Internet Internet also same as the mobile phones where it also frequently use by majority of people in developed countries for their different kind of expectations like business needs, entertainment needs , educations needs and etc. Actually Singapore is the most wired location in Asia. As same as mobile service providers, there mainly three internet service providers in Singapore leading by the SingNet. Broadcasting In relation to the broadcasting in Singapore all the media station both Television and Radio are owned by the government. All the 7 television channels and 14 Radio channels are operating by the MediaCorp. In addition to that it also available cable TV and IPTV facility too. Postal Services This can be considered as one of the oldest communication methods of delivering stuffs. The authority for these services in Singapore is Singapore post Pvt Ltd where it handles wide range of postal network, postal agents and stamp vendors. 3.1.3 Consumer buying habits Consumer buying habits is very important factor to be considered in international marketing as the consumer behavior is differing from market to market and also from country to country as well. So identifying different behavior of the different customers will be vital. Because then only the company will be able to deal with them positively in the aim of achieving advantages to the company as the company can come up with different strategies to handle the different people in different manner in a way that satisfy both the customer and the company too. So in relation to the product-use patterns in Singapore it depend on the type of the product like whether its a FMCG (fast moving consumer good) or whether its luxurious product. Normally they are using FMCGs on daily basis for their regular needs while they use their luxurious goods occasionally. But sometimes our product like Micro Rexton II can be use occasionally and for the daily purposes as well due to its reliability factors. With regard to the product features preferences, the FMCG products are prefer by most of the people in Singapore and they tend to buy those in multiple packs. With regard to the luxurious product, majority of them tend to go for new models periodically. So as we are considering on our proposed product the Micro Rexton II, it will be a luxurious product. So the people in Singapore tend to use this or likes to experience it due to its attractive unique design and other considerable factors like fuel efficiency and the price affordability. The shopping habits also may differ according to the location. But in Singapore lots of goods are available under one roof. But a product like automobile wont be able to find in common places. Normally those are located in specialized attracted places like showrooms. So we Micro cars Ltd also located the newly Micro Rexton II in our showroom in Singapore which named as Micro Cars International (Pvt)Ltd a fully owned subsidiary of the mother company in Sri Lanka and also fully coordination by Micro Cars Ltd in Sri Lanka. 3.1.4 Distribution of the product Micro Cars International (Pvt) Ltd is mainly targeting on the end consumers in Singapore that falling under middle-upper class. Basically the business/operations in the Singapore is mostly handle by the mother company Micro Cars Ltd. But due to some factors like less knowledge about ruling, taxing, clearing and other kind of local procedures, we Micro Cars Ltd appoint an agent for Micro Cars International (Pvt) Ltd to get things done in Singapore such as some tasks like vehicle clearing from the ports, taxation, registration and etc behalf of Micro Cars International (Pvt) Ltd in Singapore. But all the important work that affect on the operations or the core value of the business of Micro Cars International (Pvt) Ltd will directly handle by mother company Micro Cars Ltd and with supportiveness of the appointed agent. Considering on the distribution channel Micro Cars International (Pvt) Ltd is not much engage in distributing it in Singapore as it is not FMCG product but a luxurious p roduct. Because people who needs it will come for an inspection and we are inviting them to come and inspect it in our showroom in Singapore. 3.1.5 Advertising and promotion Advertising and promotion should be there in the action to achieve the customer awareness towards the product. The usage of the different advertising and promotional tools may depend on the type of the product. So as the Micro Rexton II is targeting on the end consumers we directly communicate to the end consumers through our advertisements and other promotional campaigns. With regard to the advertising methods that can be use to market Micro Rexton II we can advertise in some electronic medias like TV and internet. Further with the print media it can be publish on automobile magazines and sports magazines. Also in the promotional methods it can propose to give basic first free service for fist 100 customers. In addition to that we are expecting take part in the trade shows and automotive shows by displaying their newly Micro Rexton II. 3.1.6 Pricing strategy Customary mark-ups The customary mark-ups will be depend on expectation of the company which means will depend on the amount that they want to earn from each unit. So Micro cars Ltd also having different mark-ups depending on the project where it will differ from project to project depending on its nature and the expectations. According to this project of exporting Micro Rexton II Micro Cars Ltd will keep 23.5%. 3.2 Relative competitors to Micro Rexton II in Singapore There will be huge competition for Micro Rexton II in Singapore at the initial stage of their expanding procedure that will come-in from the other average SUV makers in the world such as Mitsubishi, Nissan, Hyundai and Suzuki. The in detail information or the comparison between each mentioned competitors as follows. Competitors products as follows. Make Model Mitsubishi Outlander Nissan X-TRAIL Hyundai SantaFe Suzuki Grand Vitara The features of the all above models can be seen at the appendix 3. Competitors prices are as follows Make Model Price (USD) Mitsubishi Outlander 92000 Nissan X-TRAIL 100000 Hyundai SantaFe 78000 Suzuki Grand Vitara 87000 When we considering about the advertising and promotional methods, all these companies are in the aim of providing luxurious products to the market. So as a result of that majority of the competitors are using general advertising and promotional methods which some advertising methods such as TV advertisements, internet advertisement, bill boards, magazines while using discounting programs and trade show promotions as promotional methods. Further with regard to their distribution channels most of them are doing their businesses through their agents in Singapore where the agents have the full right to handle most of operations within the country. 3.3 Government participation in the marketplace Development or the growth of a any kind of company can be achieve easily up-to some extent, if the government of that specific country is supporting on the operation by giving lots of benefits from the government side. Further especially in the international businesses, basically there will be minimum of two countries engage in that process to get some thing (goods or services) into the country (importing) or giving it out from the country (exporting). So if the both governments are in positive mode to help on these to gain advantages for both countries, then it will be a really good push for a company to operate there businesses in overseas with less obstacles. In addition to that there should be procedure that should follow by each and every company who enters to the Singapore for their ventures. Some of those briefly explained regulations are as follows. Any company will come to a conclusion whether to expand their businesses to overseas or not, by looking at the results that they gain through their different studies that they done in relation to specific industry where they hoping to expand. So by following that procedure Micro Cars Ltd has decided to expand their businesses to Singapore by introducing their unique product Micro Rexton II to the Singapore market through Micro Cars International (Pvt) Ltd especially to the people in middle-upper class who tend to use average SUVs. So initially they need to register their business (Micro Cars International (Pvt) Ltd) as a company under the required authority in Singapore which named as â€Å"Accounting and Corporate Regulatory Authority of Singapor (ACRA)†. Then they need to active their custom accounts under the Singapore customs for relevant monitoring and other processes of the customs authority. Further they will be able to get a special license (if required) for their own tax benefits in Singapore after complete understanding and finalizing negotiations between the two governments. Then there will be tax benefits for product (Micro Rexton II) under this project in Singapore and the government of Sri Lanka can offer some reasonable tax releases for Singapore projects in Sri Lanka. In relation to this matter the government of Singapore comes to understanding with the Sri Lankan government to charge 10% of custom tax in Singapore instead of charging 20% while having 2% GST instead of having 7%. Additionally as mentioned in the earlier stages, the government of Sri Lanka is always behind the Micro Cars Ltd and their proposed subsidiary {Micro Cars International (Pvt) Ltd} by giving them the maximum support and benefits that can offer by the government side due to the nationality atmosphere of the company as the company is fully localize venture where the money will never run out of the county. Especially on that way the government of Sri Lanka will never charge any tax on this project which is exporting the Micro Rexton II to Singapore. So due to the tax benefits that the Micro Cars Ltd getting from the both government for their export they will be able to offer Micro Rexton II at really affordable price to the Singapore market which will be big headache for other SUV competitors in Singapore. PART Two Preliminary Marketing Plan Executive summary The preliminary marketing plan is the main part of this report where it covers major areas of the expansion process such as promotional mix, distribution, price determinations and the budgets. Basically it start with the main objectives that has targeted on specific target market of middle-upper class in the aim of creating brand awareness by fulfilling the stylish traveling needs of the people in Singapore. The usage of promotion mix is in good stands in relation to operations where the company interest in using such media tools like electronic media for TV advertisements, internet advisements and for the electronic bill boards while they tend to use print media like news papers, magazines and billboards. Further it also interest in personnel selling where they specifically targeting on the corporate customers. In addition to that they are focusing in participating for trade shows by displaying their vehicle too. The transportation between two countries will be done by the sea transportation method where it starts from Colombo port to the destination port â€Å"Jurong† in Singapore. There are special document to be shown at the destination port such as Exhaust emission test report, Windscreen test report, Vehicle data card, Vehicle registration documents and Manufactures letter to confirm the date of manufacture as this is an automobile transportation and these document are in addition to the general documents such as bill of lading, dock receipt, commercial invoice and statement of origin. Basically all the important operations handle by the special internal management team which appointed by the mother company and additionally the company has appointed an agent for the purpose of handling localize tasks. Regarding the taxes in Singapore perspective the government of Singapore along with Singapore customs charge 10% custom duties based on the value of the product while they charge 2% GST based on CIF value. Regarding the payment methods, the company focus is to go with consignment method which will be an advantage for Micro Cars International (Pvt) Ltd. According to the current position of the company they are well establish and strong in their productions, financial, marketing and etc. 4.0 Preliminary Marketing Plan 4.1 Marketing Objectives Most of the SUVs in Singapore are highly expensive and augmented. But demand has not gone down over the past few years even its expensive, therefore presenting extensively edge SUV will create more demand to Micro Rexton II due to its comparably low price, economies of scale and low labor cost. Current social situation and demand for products in Singapore is vastly attached with fashion and new trend and therefore the social demand will fulfill with the latest edge design of the Micro Rexton II. One of the other objectives is to creating a higher amount of customer benefit markup compared to other competitors. Expand the brand awareness through out the world using a country like Singapore will be ideal as it known as a travelers paradise and a business hub. Achieve more benefits from a country like Singapore, where it provides more benefits to private business sector of the country meanwhile they getting their own benefits. Target Market Unlikely in Sri Lanka, gender will not play a big role when buying a vehicle in a country like Singapore due to their westernization cultural influences and the level of educated people. Therefore promoting even a SUV will not limited to males but will reach every extent possible. After undergoing several researchers studies it is decided to promote Micro Rexton II to middle-upper income earners in the Singapore. Main assumption to target specially to that particular group is that, it is expected that to those income earners perceive this product as a value for money product. Because buying diesel consumption SUV is perceived as a very prestigious behavior. Even though target market consists of the customers who are affordable to the product, Micro Cars Ltd thinks on future potential customers as well. Expected sales and profits Basically this will depend on the ability of capturing the market and how its capture the market especially in a country like Singapore where in a situation that a huge competition among SUV makers going on. Also it depend on how the Micro Rexton II will promote itself to the market and how it can exceed the others competitors promoting patterns in order to get more concerns of the people towards Micro Rexton II. Capturing the customers at the very fist stage is not enough but need to keep it continuously. So based on the findings that we made through our studies we expect that there will be 200 units of sales per year and expecting USD 20 millions profit. Market penetration and coverage As Micro Cars International (Pvt) Ltd planning to establish their showroom in the capital city of Singapore, it will be much convenient for them to start and continue the marketing process. As most of the merchandising activities are centralized to the capital city, creating the initial demand and maintaining would be benefited from the location advantage. In order to penetrate the market extensive analysis of existing competitors and their core competencies are highly required. Because capturing the market in a highly competitive environment would be very difficult and competitive. Therefore well planned designs and quality control tools also will play a major role when penetrating the market. 4.2 Product adaptation or modification This is an exclusive product where that the new version of the Rexton which is named as Micro Rexton II was only available in Sri Lanka but no anywhere else. Because the appearance and the other relative stuff of the Rexton II is completely different from the earlier Rexton which is available all around the world. That is because, its totally assembled in Sri Lanka with locally manufactured items where only the engine and the transmission bringing from Korea. So we can assume Rexton II as a unique product that available in Sri Lanka. Basically the main advantage to Micro Cars Ltd is the price advantage that they can gain in Singapore markets as the Micro Rexton II can be offered at fewer prices compared to the other average SUV in the specific range. Also most of the parts of the Micro Rexton II such as body of the vehicle, mirrors, seats, and rubber components including the tires are fully manufactured in Sri Lanka and further they are hoping to add/replace more locally manufactured components to it in order to get more revenue for the country. The features and the specification of the Micro Rexton II can be seen in appendix 4. 4.3 Promotion mix In relation to the exportation of Micro Rexton II to Singapore an extensive promotional campaign will be conduct in order to capture the specific target market in the aim of increasing demand by conveying the benefits of this new Micro Rexton II to the customers. 4.3.1 Advertising The objectives of this advertising campaign will be to create awareness of the people and to make them more attractive by conducting creative methods. Media mix There are many types of advertising methods available in the industry, but all are not relevant to each and every product or service

Lab Report: Effect Pollution has on Water :: essays research papers

A. Question Being Addressed: The purpose of this research is to determine the relationship between pollution and water while the physical properties of water are held fixed. I am going to compare the â€Å"polluted† water with the purified water and see if it changed in anyway. For this experiment, I’m going to use water containing sand and oil to get â€Å"polluted† water. Also, I am going to use two methods of separation of substances, distillation to remove the oil, and filtration to remove the sand. Then I am going to use activated charcoal to remove any dissolved substances in the water. After that the water is purified. Independent Variable: Pollution Dependent Variable: Water Constant Variable: Physical Properties of Water Other constant variable include a graduated cylinder, 250 m beakers, pieces of filter paper, plastic spoons, a rubber band, washed fine sand and activated charcoal, plastic-foam cups. B. Hypothesis: â€Å"If the pollution is decreased then the water will decrease inversely because the removal of the pollutants from the liquid will affect some of water’s physical properties† C. Method and Procedure Materials: ï  ¶, Graduated cylinder ï  ¶, 4, 250 ml beakers ï  ¶, 2 plastic spoons ï  ¶, A small nail ï  ¶, 2, 8 oz. plastic-foam cups ï  ¶, 2 pieces of filter paper ï  ¶, Washed fine sand ï  ¶, Washed activated charcoal ï  ¶, Scissors, metric ruler, rubber band ï  ¶, â€Å"Polluted Water† Procedure 1. Measure 100ml of polluted water into a graduated cylinder and pour it into a beaker 2. Separate oil by pouring it into another beaker. Use a plastic spoon to remove the last bit. 3. Use the nail to pole 5 to 10 small holes in the bottom of the cup, and fit the filter paper in the inside bottom of the cup. 4. Set the cup inside another beaker, fill the cup with 2 cm. of wet sand. 5. Pour the polluted water and let it filter through. 6. Place 3 cm. of activated charcoal in an unused cup, pour the water and stir it with a spoon for about 1 minute. 7. Place a piece of filter paper on top of the cup and fasten it with a rubber band. 8. Let the water filter into a clean beaker. Method of Data Collection 1. Create a table-chart to record the observations 2. The color, clearness, odor, layers, solids and volume will be recorded in the chart for the water before treatment, after the oil separation, after the sand filtration and after the usage of charcoal.